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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Pill: Diamox, Neptazane
Eye drop: Trusopt, Azopt
Purpose: Decreases production of intraocular
fluid.
Side effects of the pill forms of these
medications can include tingling or loss of strength of the hands
and feet, upset stomach, mental fuzziness, memory problems,
depression, kidney stones, and frequent urination. Side effects of the eye
drop include stinging, burning and other eye discomfort. It is not
clear yet whether Trusopt will be as potent or as effective as
Diamox and Neptazane.
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Eye Drops: Alphagan, Iopidine
Purpose: Decreases production of
intraocular fluid. (Note) Alphagan also increases drainage of
intraocular fluid.
Alphagan can be used for the long-term treatment
of glaucoma. Side effects of Alphagan can include burning or
stinging upon instillation of the eye drop, fatigue, headache, dry
mouth and dry nose.
Iopidine was originally used to combat “pressure
spikes” which are sharp increases in eye pressure that sometimes
follow laser surgery. Side effects of Iopidine can include red eyes,
allergic reactions, dry mouth, and a change in the sense of taste.
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Eye Drops: Betimol, Betoptic
S, Betagan, Ocupress, Optipranolol, Timoptic, Timoptic XE
Purpose: Decreases production of
intraocular fluid.
The most widely used of all glaucoma medications
at the present time, and are usually the first type of medications a
doctor will use. Side effects can include low blood pressure,
reduced pulse rate, and fatigue. Beta blockers can also cause a
shortness of breath in people who have a history of asthma or other
respiratory disorders. Additionally, beta-blockers can change
cardiac activity by decreasing the amount of blood the heart pumps
out, which may reduce the pulse rate and/or slow down the heart’s
response rate during exercise. Rare side effects can include reduced
libido and depression.
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Eye Drops: Isopto Carbachol, Ocusert,
Akarpine, E-Pilo, Isopto Carpine, Pilocar, Pilopine, Pilostat,
Pilagan
Purpose: Increases drainage of
intraocular fluid
Many people who use these medications complain of
dim vision, especially at night or in darkened areas such as movie
theaters. This dim vision is due to constriction of the pupil.
Miotics increase drainage of intraocular fluid by making the pupil
size smaller and thereby increasing the flow of intraocular fluid
from the eye.
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Eye Drops: Propine
Purpose: Increases drainage of
intraocular fluid
Allergic reactions to these drops are frequent.
Blurred vision can also occur with these drops, and vision can also
be decreased in people who have had cataracts removed. Headaches and
burning of the eyes are also common side effects. Cardiac side
effects can include rapid heart rate or fluctuations in heart
rhythm.
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Eye Drop: Xalatan, Travatan, Lumigan,
Rescula
Purpose: Increases drainage of
intraocular fluid
In initial studies, less than 5 percent of people
who used this medication reported a gradual change in eye color, due
to an increased amount of brown pigment in the iris of the treated
eye. The change in eye color occurs slowly and may not be noticeable
for several months to several years. Other side effects from this
medication can include stinging, blurred vision, eye redness,
itching and burning.
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